Abstract The current opioid crisis urgently calls for developing non-addictive pain medications. Progress has been slow. highlighting the need to uncover targets with unique mechanisms of action. Extracellular adenosine alleviates pain by activating the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R). https://www.bekindtopets.com/mega-sale-Israel-Flag-Distressed-iPhone-14-Pro-Max-Folio-Case-p26681-top-mega/